BM Skin Care
BM skin care is an anti-aging line of products. It regenerates the complexion for a smooth, even skin tone. It is especially suitable for mature, prematurely ageing or skins concerned with preventative anti-ageing.
A peptides complex was developed combining three different peptide derivatives with stimulatory activities on the expression of BM proteins. Ex vivo and clinical studies showed anti-aging efficacy of the peptides complex.
Anti-wrinkle activity
The basement membrane (BM) of the skin provides a connective structure providing physical adherence and supporting molecular transport. It consists of structural proteins called laminins, collagen IV and nidogens. A decrease in BM protein expression in aged skin has been shown to be associated with wrinkle formation. Therefore, a new anti-aging approach targeting the BM may be more effective than existing products.
In this study, peptides complexes stimulating BM protein expression were developed and assessed for anti-wrinkle activity using ex vivo and clinical tests. The results show that these peptides can stimulate epidermal keratinocytes to express laminin, which can increase the integrity of the BM and prevent wrinkle formation.
A serum containing the native Mountain Pepper Berry from Australia boosts collagen production, repairs skin barrier function and increases hydration to gently defy the visible signs of ageing. Combined with Glycolic Plus and powerful antioxidant Ubiquinone, this ultra-active emulsion protects all skin types from premature ageing while visibly reducing both thin and deep wrinkles.
Creams and lotions are not regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as tightly as prescription drugs, so they don’t undergo the same rigorous testing. However, they can have a beneficial effect on your wrinkles, especially if you use them regularly and follow other tips to help reduce the signs of aging. In addition, a dermatologist can recommend anti-wrinkle skincare and other treatments that can reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
Stimulation of BM protein expression
BM protein expression-modulating ingredients have been used in several anti-aging formulations. These ingredients are designed to stimulate the expression of BM proteins such as collagen XVII and laminin. These peptides are originally expressed in epidermal keratinocytes and secreted into the DEJ area to form the BM.
However, the morphology and composition of BMs is constantly changing BM skin care shop in vivo. Conventional TEM and AFM studies of human BMs indicate that they are thicker BM skin care with age, whereas the LC and DM layers are thinner. The BM layer contains predominantly crosslinked collagen IV polymers and is not easily solubilized. Therefore, mass spectrometry analysis of in vivo-derived BMs is difficult.
This is partly due to the fact that BM proteins are inseparably connected to an underlying dermal ECM and cannot be isolated by chemical dissociation. For example, a typical Western blot of in vivo-derived BM from a wild-type mouse reveals protein bands with molecular weights up to 1,000 kD. Moreover, AFM force curves of ILMs from mutant mice with mutations in BM proteins (LARGE or POMgNT1) show much shallower slopes than those of wild-type ILMs, which indicates a lower Young’s modulus.
Consequently, BMs from these mutant mice have an instable structure, and the ILMs rupture at random locations, resulting in retinal ectopias. The study of the mechanisms behind this instability revealed that a number of different factors can influence the stiffness of BMs. In particular, structural defects in BM2 mRNA contribute to the phenotypes of these mutant mice. Mutagenesis experiments and structural probing of the region upstream of the BM2 initiation codon suggest that alternative secondary structures can occupy this region and affect translation reinitiation.
Biotinylated peptides
Biotinylation is a common method to label peptides for use in ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) assays. The peptide is labeled with a biotin moiety that can be bound to avidin protein for immobilization on a microtitration plate. This allows the peptide to be specifically connected to other proteins that are involved in an assay by binding to their associated receptors.
There are several methods to make a biotin-protein conjugate. One is to use a maleimide group, which is highly reactive towards sulfhydryl groups at acidic to neutral pH. Another option is to use a haloacetyl group, which reacts with the sulfhydryl group at a higher pH of 7.5-8.5. Both reactions require the addition of a spacer to reduce steric hindrance between the biotin and peptide. This spacer can be a hydrocarbon chain or a polyethylene oxide.
Another popular method of biotinylation is to use the Avi-tag, a 15 amino acid sequence that is incorporated into the DNA during cloning and encoded in the expression vector. The Avi-tag can then be enzymatically added to the end of a peptide using the E. coli biotin ligase BirA. The biotin molecule is covalently linked to the lysine residue of the peptide. Biotinylated proteins can then be isolated by affinity purification with avidin-biotin beads, and the bound proteins can be analyzed for their function by comparing to unmodified controls.
Vitamin C conjugated peptides
Vitamin C-conjugated peptides were synthesized in ether and carbamate forms, and the optimal combination conditions of the peptides and vitamin C were established. These peptides were shown to have stronger collagen synthesis-stimulating activity than the free vitamin C or the synthetic vitamin C derivative GEKG. They also exhibited higher stability than the corresponding free peptides in water, and they were able to be used in topical formulations.
Melanin is a pigment that is synthesized by the melanocyte and transformed into peripheral keratinocytes to show human skin color. The melanocyte can be activated by certain chemicals and is believed to play an important role in skin aging.
This peptide is a powerful whitening agent that can help reduce the appearance of wrinkles and blemishes. The peptide is also effective in protecting against UV rays and reducing hyperpigmentation. In order to maximize the whitening effect of this peptide, it is recommended that it be included in moisturizers or serums rather than cleansers or toners. This peptide also works well with glycolic acid to increase the skin’s ability to regenerate itself and protect it from environmental aggressors.